PASSIVE VOICE (KALIMAT PASIF)

Disusun Oleh: Nita Zakiyah, M.A

Passive Voice adalah Bentuk gramatikal yang mengindikasikan apakah subjek di dalam suatu kalimat melakukan pekerjaan atau dikenai pekerjaan.

-          Subjek melakukan pekerjaan   : I eat rice (saya makan nasi)

-          Subjek dikenai pekerjaan         : rice is eaten by me (nasi dimakan oleh saya)

Syarat-syarat kalimat bisa dipasifkan:

1.      Kalimat verbal (yang memiliki kata kerja utama)

2.      Menggunakan transitive verb (kata kerja yang membutuhkan objek): Rima visits my brother  (Rima mengunjungi saudara laki-lakiku) - My brother is visited by Rima (Saudara laki-lakiku dikunjungi oleh Rima)

Kalimat yang tidak bisa dipasifkan:

1.      Kalimat Nominal (kalimat yang kata kerjanya menggunakan to be)

2.      Kalimat verbal yang intransitive (tidak membutuhkan objek): I sleep on mattress (saya tidur di atas kasur)

Form of passive voice (Bentuk dari kalimat pasif) [to be + V3]

Time/event	Present	Past	Future
Simple	Is, am, are + V3	Was, were + V3	Will, shall + V3
Continous	Is, am, are + being +V3	Was, were + being + V3	-
Perfect	Have, has + been+ V3	Had + been + V3	Will, shall + have been + V3

Cara membuat kalimat pasif dari kalimat aktif

1.      Identifikasi subject, verb, object.

2.      Letakkan object kalimat aktif di posisi subject kalimat pasif.

3.      Perhatikan tenses dan tentukan tobe.

4.      Ubahlah kata kerja utama (ordinary verb) menjadi V3.

5.      Letakkan agent (agent dibentuk dengan cara meletakkan subject kalimat aktif setelah preposition ‘by’)

Example:    

Active Voice       : He visits her everynight                (dia lk mengunjungi dia pr setiap malam)

Passive Voice    : She is visited by him everynight (dia pr dikunjungi dia lk setiap malam)

AV          : Eka always called Puji                  (Eka selalu menelpon Puji)          [Past tense]

PV          : Puji was always called by Eka (Puji selalu ditelpon Eka)              [Past Tense]

Simple Present                 Active: Rita writes a letter.           Passive : A letter is written by Rita.

Simple Past                        Active: Rita wrote a letter.           Passive : A letter was written by Rita.

Present Perfect                Active: Rita has written a letter. Passive: A letter has been written by Rita.

Future                                  Active: Rita will write a letter.     Passive: A letter will be written by Rita.

Exercise:

1.      They will take her to hospital tomorrow

2.      Alice didn’t make that cake

3.      Tom was opening the door

4.      Cathy has returned the book to the library